Pregnancy gingivitis. Causes and prevention.

What is pregnancy gingivitis?

Pregnancy gingivitis occurs when plaque builds up on tooth surfaces, and these bacteria release metabolic products that irritate the gums. If you are pregnant and your gums are red, tender, painful, and bleed easily when you brush them, you most likely have gingivitis . Approximately 60-70% of women suffer from gingivitis during pregnancy.

Why does pregnancy gingivitis occur?

• Hormonal changes, which make periodontal tissues much more susceptible to bacterial attack;
• Decreased salivary flow;
• A diet higher in sugar;
• Acid reflux and vomiting;
• It is possible to develop an intolerance to the flavors or smells of oral hygiene products .

It is normal for your gums to become sensitive during pregnancy, but if they are bright red, inflamed, and bleed easily when you brush your teeth, you may have gingivitis, a mild form of gum inflammation that is relatively easy to control. However, if left untreated, gingivitis can develop into a more serious condition called periodontitis . Studies show that untreated periodontitis during pregnancy can lead to the need for surgical treatments or tooth extractions later on, but it can also affect you by increasing your risk of premature birth.

If you notice swelling in your gums that bleeds when you brush your teeth, consult your dentist!

It may be a simple aphtha or it may be a pyogenic granuloma, or the so-called "pregnancy tumor", a benign and not dangerous proliferation, which occurs in approximately 5% of women during pregnancy, which may disappear on its own after birth, but if it becomes bothersome, if it is easily traumatized during chewing or if it prevents proper hygiene of the area in question, its excision is recommended. The excision can be performed classically, with a scalpel, or more recently it can be removed using a dental laser , even without anesthesia, with minimal bleeding and accelerated healing. It is important to know that although it is removed, during pregnancy, it is possible for it to reappear and have to be excised again.

How do you prevent pregnancy gingivitis?

• Visit the dentist for regular check-ups and professional cleanings . Studies show that during pregnancy, patients avoid going to the dentist. This is also related to the fear of future mothers related to the effects that dental procedures could have on their baby, but also to possible feelings of vomiting or acid reflux that can make it difficult for them to endure the instruments necessary to perform a dental procedure;
• Take care of your teeth! Brushing your teeth twice a day, along with using a mouthwash, is essential to maintain proper oral health and prevent pregnancy gingivitis. But being conscientious about brushing does not mean being aggressive with your gums, it is recommended to use a toothbrush with soft filaments, with gentle movements. If the mint flavor of toothpaste makes you feel nauseous, you can replace it with a fruit-flavored toothpaste for children;

• Clean your tongue as well, to reduce the microbial load;
• Using an alcohol-free mouthwash;
• Pay attention to your diet! Try to avoid foods rich in carbohydrates and sugar.

If you are planning a pregnancy in the near future or if you are pregnant, it is absolutely necessary to consult a dentist to evaluate your dental status and determine whether any dental treatment is necessary before becoming pregnant or during pregnancy, if applicable. With careful monitoring of your periodontal health, you can considerably reduce the risk of pregnancy gingivitis.

During this wonderful time in life, remember that oral care will ultimately be worth all the effort and, in addition, in the future, it will be a positive example for your baby!